[OPLIN 4cast] OPLIN 4Cast #574: Algorithms on trial

[Laura Solomon]

*OPLIN 4Cast #574: Algorithms on trial*
*December 27, 2017*

All at once, it seems that algorithms, the means by which computers solve
their problems, are themselves becoming problematic. "Algorithm" used to
imply objectivity, an impartial analysis of data. Now, there seems to be a
more sinister connotation, suggesting hidden biases (some intentional, some
not) and exploitable weaknesses. Concerns are growing that these
decision-making tools are faulty, leading us to trust the wrong
authorities, make poor purchasing decisions, and introduce troubling biases
into public policy and communication. There seems to be growing pushback,
in the form of laws and lawsuits.

   - 2017 Was The Year We Fell Out of Love with Algorithms
   <https://www.wired.com/story/2017-was-the-year-we-fell-out-of-love-with-algorithms/>
[Wired
   | Tom Simonite] "We need algorithms. In 2018, let’s hope we can hold the
   companies, governments, and people using them to account, without letting
   the word take the blame."
   - Apple sued after it admits to slowing down older iPhones
   <https://www.cnbc.com/2017/12/22/apple-sued-after-it-admits-to-slowing-down-older-iphones.html>
[CNBC
   | Arjun Kharpal] "The U.S. technology giant said that it has algorithms in
   place to help keep an iPhone running at optimal performance if there is an
   older battery inside that can't keep up with the required power."
   - Facebook ads that let employers target younger workers focus of U.S.
   lawsuit
   <https://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCAKBN1EF09B-OCATC>
   [Reuters | Sharon Bernstein] "The lawsuit is the latest example of
   criticism leveled at Facebook for so-called micro-targeting, a process that
   has allowed advertisers to choose who sees their ads based on age,
   interests, race and even such characteristics as whether they dislike
   people based on race or religion."
   - New York City moves to create accountability for algorithms
   <https://www.propublica.org/article/new-york-city-moves-to-create-accountability-for-algorithms>
   [ProPublica | Lauren Kirchner] "The algorithmic accountability bill,
   waiting to be signed into law by Mayor Bill de Blasio, establishes a task
   force that will study how city agencies use algorithms to make decisions
   that affect New Yorkers’ lives, and whether any of the systems appear to
   discriminate against people based on age, race, religion, gender, sexual
   orientation or citizenship status."

*From the Ohio Web Library:*

   - The Ethics of Accident-Algorithms for Self-Driving Cars: an Applied
   Trolley Problem?
   <http://proxy.oplin.org:2054/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119139911&site=ehost-live>
   (*Ethical Theory & Moral Practice*, vol. 19, no. 5, Nov. 2016, pp.
   1275-1289 | Sven Nyolm and Jilles Smids)
   - Fair-minded Machines: A new drive to revamp artificial intelligence
   may cut down bias
   <http://proxy.oplin.org:2054/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmh&AN=124921623>.
   (*Science News*, vol. 192, no. 4, 16 Sept. 2017, pp. 26-29 | Maria
   Temming)
   - Algorithmic Decision Making: To What Extent Should Computers Make
   Decisions for Society
   <http://proxy.oplin.org:2054/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pwh&AN=123366688>.
   (*Harvard Political Review*, vol. 44, no. 2, Summer2017, p. 9 | Saranya
   Vijayakumar)
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