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<p><!-- Make sure you modify the 4Cast title in this section -->
<span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;
color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;
line-height: 110%;">OPLIN 4Cast #225: How to
bury a cable</span><br>
<!-- Make sure you modify the date of the 4Cast in this section -->
<span style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;
color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-style: italic;
font-family: arial;">April 13th, 2011</span></p>
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<p style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.oplin.org/4cast/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/fiber_cable.gif"><img
class="alignleft size-full wp-image-1823"
style="margin-right: 3px;" title="fiber cable"
src="cid:part2.01040004.07090809@oplin.org"
alt="" height="117" width="166"></a>This
week's <em>4cast</em> diverges from our usual
offerings, in that it does not concern any hot new
tech news we've gathered from the media. Fiber
optic Internet connections have been on our mind
lately, as we prepare to install fiber this summer
to 146 Ohio public libraries that are currently
connected to OPLIN with copper T1 circuits. This
will be the biggest change to the OPLIN network
since it was first installed in 1995-96. Then we
saw the <a
href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/georgia/8442056/Woman-who-cut-internet-to-Georgia-and-Armenia-had-never-heard-of-web.html"
target="_blank">story</a> about the old woman
who cut off the Internet to Armenia when she
mistaken dug up a fiber optic trunk line while
trying to steal copper cable. We had to wonder if
that trunk line was correctly installed, which
eventually brought us to the Fiber Optic
Association's "Reference Guide To Fiber Optics: <a
href="http://www.thefoa.org/tech/ref/OSP/install.html">Outside Plant
Fiber Optic Network Installation</a> ." If
you're as curious as we were about fiber optic
installation procedures, you might find these
quotes from that Reference Guide interesting. </p>
<div> </div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">"Outside
plant (OSP) installations of fiber optic cables
can be much more diverse than premises
installations. OSP installs may include
installing aerial cable, direct-buried cable,
underground cable in conduit or installing
conduit or innerduct and then pulling cable, or
placing cable underwater. A single link may
include several types of installation, for
example aerial in one section, pulling in
conduit on a bridge crossing and burying the
rest of the cable."</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">"Heavy-duty
cables can be buried directly or cables in ducts
for extra protection can be installed using
direct burial techniques. Cables can be supplied
already in ducts for burial. [...] Typically
trunk cables in most areas are installed 3-4
feet deep (1-1.2 m), but in residential or urban
areas, cables may be buried only 2 feet (0.6 m)
deep. Some cables can be directly installed in
sawn grooves in roads, but these are only buried
a few inches deep, still within the roadway
material and are filled with sealer."</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">"Cables
can sometimes be installed by blowing special
cable types into ducts called duct lines,
micro-ducts or sub-ducts which have been
installed in larger conduit or even pipes for
carrying water, sewage or gas. High pressure
compressed air provides an aerodynamic effect,
floating the cable on the air stream and
carrying it down the duct, allowing installation
lengths as long as 2 km (6,500 feet.)"</li>
<li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">"OSP
cables generally do not meet NEC flammability
requirements, so the cable entering a building
must be terminated or spliced to indoor cables
soon after entry, generally within 50 feet (16
meters) to meet fire codes. Some OSP cables have
double jackets, an outer one for outdoors and an
inner one rated for indoor use, so the outer
jacket can be stripped off inside the building
and the cable run to the equipment room."</li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
<p style="text-align: left; font-size: 20px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><small><strong><em>Price
fact:</em></strong></small><br>
</p>
<div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">While the
cost of building fiber-optic networks has
historically been high when compared to copper
networks, copper metal pricing is expected to hit
$11,000 per metric ton sometime this year, leading
to both higher purchase costs and increased theft
of copper cable. </div>
<div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">The <strong><em>OPLIN
4cast</em></strong>
is a weekly compilation of
recent headlines, topics, and trends that could
impact public
libraries. You can subscribe to it in a variety
of ways, such as: <br>
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If you're using the Firefox
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