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                    <p><!-- Make sure you modify the 4Cast title in this section -->
                      <span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;
                        color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;
                        line-height: 110%;">OPLIN 4Cast #325: A new hope
                        for ebook lending?</span><br>
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                      <span style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;
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                        font-family: arial;">March 13th, 2013</span></p>
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                    <p style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><img
                        alt="digital copyright"
                        src="cid:part4.05040806.06090408@oplin.org"
                        height="120" width="100" align="left">Nobody
                      gets excited about copyright law (well, almost
                      nobody), but over the years we've posted several
                      items of copyright news in this blog, because many
                      of the problems with libraries and ebook lending
                      are copyright-related. So here we are again, with
                      a post about copyright, because Amazon and Apple
                      have just recently applied for patents on systems
                      that would allow people to resell digital
                      materials, including ebooks. This will open a
                      discussion of the current interpretation of
                      copyright law as it applies to digital items, and
                      will probably lead to some high-profile court
                      cases. ReDigi, an early reseller of digital goods,
                      has already been sued by Capitol Records. Such
                      court cases could have a direct effect on what
                      libraries can legally do with ebooks.
                    </p>
                    <div> </div>
                    <ul style="text-align: left;">
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/08/technology/revolution-in-the-resale-of-digital-books-and-music.html">Imagining
                          a swap meet for e-books and music</a> (New
                        York Times/David Streitfeld) "For over a
                        century, the ability of consumers, secondhand
                        bookstores and libraries to do whatever they
                        wanted with a physical book has been enshrined
                        in law. The crucial 1908 case involved a
                        publisher that issued a novel with a warning
                        that no one was allowed to sell it for less than
                        $1. When Macy's offered the book for 89 cents,
                        the publisher sued. That led to a landmark
                        Supreme Court ruling limiting the copyright
                        owner's control to the first sale. After that,
                        it was a free market. Sales of digital material
                        are considered licenses, which give consumers
                        little or no ability to lend the item."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.digitalbookworld.com/2013/apple-joins-amazon-in-quest-to-establish-market-for-used-ebooks/">Apple
                          joins Amazon in quest to establish market for
                          used ebooks</a> (Digital Book World) "ReDigi's
                        position is that the so-called 'first sale
                        doctrine' applies to digital files, which would
                        mean that it would be legal for an individual to
                        sell her own property (a digital file). The
                        first sale doctrine essentially limits the
                        copyright holder's rights to the first sale of
                        each copy of a work, meaning that the new owner
                        (the first buyer) can re-sell that copy of the
                        work without permission or limitation from the
                        original copyright holder. While ReDigi bills
                        itself as an exchange for used digital music,
                        there are obvious implications for the ebook
                        market."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/retailing/article/56004-sale-of-used-e-books-getting-closer.html">Sale
                          of used e-books getting closer</a> (Publishers
                        Weekly/Judith Rosen) "...ReDigi uses a so-called
                        'verification engine' to determine whether a
                        given song, or soon an e-book, has been legally
                        downloaded and can be resold. And it provides an
                        'atomic transaction' that transfers content
                        without copying it. 'With ReDigi's method,'
                        states [CEO John] Ossenmacher, 'only the
                        "original" good is instantaneously/atomically
                        transferred from seller to buyer, without any
                        copies.'"</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/03/apple-follows-amazon-with-patent-for-resale-of-e-books-music/">Apple
                          follows Amazon with patent for resale of
                          e-books, music</a> (Ars Technica/Jacqui Cheng)
                        "With digital powerhouses like Apple and Amazon
                        seemingly on the same wavelength, content owners
                        may be feeling the pressure to comply, even if
                        they think their work is being devalued. There's
                        another angle to these patents as well. If Apple
                        and Amazon were to create markets for used
                        digital goods, it would put them in conflict
                        with the software industry. The software
                        industry has fought hard for the right to stop
                        resales it doesn't like-and it has generally won
                        the argument that digital goods are 'licensed'
                        and can't be resold."</li>
                    </ul>
                    <div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
                    <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 20px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><small><strong><em>First
                            sale fact:</em></strong></small><br>
                    </p>
                    <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">John
                      Palfrey's <a
href="http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2013/03/copyright/why-we-miss-the-first-sale-doctrine-in-digital-libraries/">post</a>
                      last week on Library Journal's "Digital Shift"
                      blog explains how the first sale doctrine is
                      fundamental to the library business.
                    </div>
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