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                    <p><!-- Make sure you modify the 4Cast title in this section -->
                      <span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;
                        color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;
                        line-height: 110%;">OPLIN 4cast #331: Two
                        factors are better than one</span><br>
                      <!-- Make sure you modify the date of the 4Cast in this section -->
                      <span style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;
                        color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-style: italic;
                        font-family: arial;">April 24th, 2013</span></p>
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                    <p style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><img
                        alt="two-factor"
                        src="cid:part4.09040908.00070507@oplin.org"
                        height="70" width="127" align="left">People who
                      work with Internet security have for some time
                      advocated the use of "two-factor authentication"
                      instead of a simple password control over access
                      to sensitive or private information. Nobody likes
                      to make things harder than we think they need to
                      be, however, so adoption of two-factor
                      authentication has been fairly limited. But last
                      week, that may have begun to change, as Microsoft
                      announced that two-factor authentication will be
                      available (though not necessarily required) for
                      all Windows products and services.
                    </p>
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                    <ul style="text-align: left;">
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/microsoft-rolling-out-two-factor-authentication-across-its-product-line-7000014162/">Microsoft
                          rolling out two-factor authentication across
                          its product line</a> (ZDNet/Mary Jo Foley) "<a
href="http://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/two-factor-authentication">Two-factor
                          authentication</a> is aimed at reducing the
                        likelihood of online identity theft, phishing
                        and other scams because the victim's password
                        would no longer be enough to give a thief access
                        to their information. <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/2013/03/apple-follows-google-facebook-and-others-with-two-step-authentication/">Apple,
                          PayPal, Google, Facebook</a> and other vendors
                        already have implemented two-factor
                        authentication."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2013/04/17/microsoft-account-gets-more-secure.aspx">Microsoft
                          Account gets more secure</a> (Official
                        Microsoft Blog) "This release enables optional
                        two-step verification for your entire Microsoft
                        account. Two-step verification is when we ask
                        you for two pieces of information anytime you
                        access your account - for example, your password
                        plus a code sent to a phone or email on file as
                        security info. More than a year ago, we began
                        bringing two-step verification for certain
                        critical activities, like editing credit cards
                        and subscriptions at commerce.microsoft.com and
                        xbox.com, or accessing files on another one of
                        your computers through SkyDrive.com. For these
                        scenarios, two-step verification is required 100
                        percent of the time for everyone, given the
                        sensitive nature of these tasks."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
                          href="http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5570">Apple
                          ID: Frequently asked questions about two-step
                          verification for Apple ID</a> (Apple Support)
                        "Two-step verification simplifies and
                        strengthens the security of your account. After
                        you turn it on, there will be no way for anyone
                        to access and manage your account at My Apple ID
                        other than by using your password, verification
                        codes sent your trusted devices, or your
                        Recovery Key."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2013/04/ap-twitter-hack-sends-stock-market-spinning.html">AP
                          Twitter hack sends stock market spinning</a>
                        (New York Magazine/Kevin Roose) "In my opinion,
                        there is really only one lesson from this
                        afternoon's flash-crash: namely, Twitter needs
                        multi-step authentication for verified and/or
                        news-breaking accounts <em>now</em>. Twitter
                        has gotten calls for stronger security measures
                        for years, and it's always been pretty reluctant
                        to promise anything. (Last year, the company <a
href="http://techcrunch.com/2012/11/08/twitter-responds-about-implementing-two-factor-authentication-for-more-security-in-the-future/">would
                          say only</a>, "We've certainly explored
                        two-factor authentication among other security
                        measures, and we continue to introduce features,
                        such as https, to help users keep their accounts
                        secure.") But after today's data point, it can't
                        wait any longer."</li>
                    </ul>
                    <div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
                    <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 20px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><small><strong><em>Factor
                            fact:</em></strong></small><br>
                    </p>
                    <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">Good
                      two-factor authentication combines a Knowledge
                      Factor (something the user knows) with a
                      Possession Factor (something the user has).
                    </div>
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