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                    <p><!-- Make sure you modify the 4Cast title in this section -->
                      <span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;
                        color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;
                        line-height: 110%;">OPLIN 4cast #337: Paper or
                        screen?</span><br>
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                      <span style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;
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                        font-family: arial;">June 5th, 2013</span></p>
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                    <p style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><img
                        alt="print screen"
                        src="cid:part4.00020709.03010601@oplin.org"
                        height="93" width="125" align="left">A couple of
                      weeks ago, the National Literacy Trust in the UK
                      released the results of a <a
href="http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/news/5372_children_s_on-screen_reading_overtakes_reading_in_print">study</a>
                      of the reading habits of about 35,000 British
                      young people between the ages of eight and
                      sixteen. The study found that, "For the first time
                      children are reading more on computers and other
                      electronic devices than they are reading books,
                      magazines, newspapers and comics." It is probably
                      safe to assume that similar results would be seen
                      from any study done in the U.S. And while this is
                      not unexpected news, it still has some troubling
                      aspects for some people.
                    </p>
                    <div> </div>
                    <ul style="text-align: left;">
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
                          href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-22540408">Young
                          people 'prefer to read on screen'</a> (BBC
                        News/Sean Coughlan) "The study suggests high
                        levels of access to mobile phones, computers and
                        tablet devices now mean that reading is an
                        activity more likely to be on screen than on the
                        printed page. Of those surveyed, 52% preferred
                        to read on screen compared with 32% who
                        preferred print, with the remainder having no
                        opinion or preferring not to read at all."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
                          href="http://phys.org/news/2013-05-british-children-on-screen.html">British
                          children's on-screen reading overtakes books</a>
                        (Phys.org) "Nearly all children have access to a
                        computer at home and four out of 10 now own a
                        tablet or a smartphone, said the trust, an
                        independent charity promoting literacy. The
                        number of children reading e-books has doubled
                        in the last two years, from six to 12 percent,
                        it added. The research among 34,910 young people
                        aged eight to 16 also found that girls are
                        significantly more likely than boys to read in
                        print-68 percent versus 54 percent."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=reading-paper-screens">The
                          reading brain in the digital age: The science
                          of paper versus screens</a> (Scientific
                        American/Ferris Jabr) "And recent surveys
                        suggest that although most people still prefer
                        paper-especially when reading
                        intensively-attitudes are changing as tablets
                        and e-reading technology improve and reading
                        digital books for facts and fun becomes more
                        common. ... Even so, evidence from <a
href="http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/article.cgi?issn=08830355&issue=v58inone_c&article=61_rltopvcseorc">laboratory
                          experiments</a>, polls and <a
                          href="http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2011/141/">consumer
                          reports</a> indicates that modern screens and
                        e-readers fail to adequately recreate certain
                        tactile experiences of reading on paper that
                        many people miss and, more importantly, prevent
                        people from navigating long texts in an
                        intuitive and satisfying way. In turn, such
                        navigational difficulties may subtly inhibit
                        reading comprehension."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.good.is/posts/death-of-traditional-books-kids-prefer-reading-via-screen">Death
                          of traditional books? Kids prefer reading via
                          screen</a> (GOOD/Liz Dwyer) "It's worth
                        celebrating that the majority of these kids
                        actually read and like doing so, but what's
                        concerning is that researchers found that kids
                        'who read daily only on-screen are nearly twice
                        less likely to be above average readers than
                        those who read daily in print or in print and
                        on-screen.' The researchers also found that
                        'those who read only on-screen are also three
                        times less likely to enjoy reading very much'
                        while a third of them are less likely to say
                        they have a favorite book."</li>
                    </ul>
                    <div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
                    <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 20px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><small><strong><em>Girls
                            fact:</em></strong></small><br>
                    </p>
                    <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">Girls in
                      the National Literacy Trust study seemed to be
                      more eclectic in their reading formats than boys.
                      Not only were they more likely than boys to read
                      print (68% vs. 54%), they were also more likely to
                      read on eReaders (84% vs. 69%), mobile phones (67%
                      vs. 60%), and tablets (70% vs. 67%).
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