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                    <p><!-- Make sure you modify the 4Cast title in this section -->
                      <span style="font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold;
                        color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;
                        line-height: 110%;">OPLIN 4cast #360: Paying for
                        content</span><br>
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                      <span style="font-size: 11px; font-weight: normal;
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                        font-family: arial;">November 13th, 2013</span></p>
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                    <p style="text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><img
                        alt="dollar sign"
                        src="cid:part4.01010909.07060803@oplin.org"
                        align="left" height="125" width="78">Librarians
                      have often faced the problem of explaining the
                      need to pay for subscriptions to online magazines,
                      journals, and authoritative information resources.
                      People seem to think that good online information
                      can be accessed for free, and currently a lot of
                      good information can indeed be had online for no
                      charge. But in the words of the Libraries Connect
                      Ohio <a
                        href="http://librariesconnectohio.org/#mozTocId953097">website</a>,
                      "Authoritative information has never been and will
                      never be free." Most "free" information is
                      currently subsidized by advertising on the
                      website, but the ad-supported revenue model is
                      beginning to weaken. As people become more
                      accustomed to paying for online video, music, and
                      gaming content, text content is now increasingly
                      turning to the subscription revenue model, too,
                      with newspapers worldwide being the most visible
                      example.
                    </p>
                    <div> </div>
                    <ul style="text-align: left;">
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/latest/news-corp-posts-us38m-profit/story-e6frg90f-1226757823302">News
                          Corp says online news can make money</a> (The
                        Australian/Greg Roberts) "Australians continue
                        to buy fewer hard copy newspapers, with domestic
                        mastheads such as The Australian, Herald Sun and
                        others responsible for 70 per cent of that fall
                        and newspaper circulation and subscription
                        revenues down 6.0 per cent. Many of the
                        newspaper websites are now behind paywalls as it
                        tries to monetise increasing online readerships,
                        which have not been matched by online ad
                        revenue. [...] Chief executive Robert Thompson
                        told analysts in a teleconference in the US that
                        while ad revenues had to rise the company wanted
                        to become less ad-dependent and more
                        subscription focused."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/media/2013/oct/17/digital-subscriptions-times-sunday-news-uk">Digital
                          subscriptions to the Times and Sunday Times
                          top 150,000</a> (The Guardian/Josh Halliday)
                        "Emma Tucker, the recently-appointed Times
                        deputy editor, described the figures as
                        'incredibly exciting' for the future of the
                        title. 'The paywall was a real challenge for
                        everybody in the paper to get it to fly so this
                        shows a great belief in paid-for content,' she
                        said. 'We had detractors [when the Times
                        launched its paywall in 2010] but these figures
                        show you can make a success of it.' Tucker said
                        she believed there is now less hostility to
                        paid-for models than three years ago, when its
                        paywall divided industry opinion in the absence
                        of a a clear cut digital business model for
                        general interest newspapers."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-10-31/business/chi-digital-subscription-gains-outpace-print-decline-for-chicago-tribune-20131031_1_circulation-totals-sunday-circulation-digital-and-branded-editions">Digital
                          subscription gains outpace print decline for
                          Chicago Tribune</a> (Chicago Tribune/Robert
                        Channick) "One year after launching its online
                        pay wall, the Tribune is clearly gaining some
                        digital traction. The newspaper said it has more
                        than 693,000 registered users on
                        chicagotribune.com, which is up from about
                        230,000 a year ago. Traffic on the website
                        averaged more than 116 million monthly page
                        views, up nearly 12 percent over last year,
                        according to executives."</li>
                      <li style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                        font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><a
                          href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24759239">Are
                          the days of free content on the net numbered?</a>
                        (BBC News/Orin Gordon) "[Computer science
                        engineer Robert] Cailliau thinks that monthly
                        subscriptions are too expensive and restrictive.
                        He says the pay-as-you-go mobile phone model is
                        a great one for online content. 'When you send
                        an SMS, you pay a small amount of money. Each
                        individual action should be billed
                        individually,' he says. 'My browser should pay
                        you automatically a cent or two cents per page
                        without me feeling it. I should not have to
                        prepay a large amount of money. Why re-invent?
                        The telephone already does that. We already have
                        a worldwide system that's capable of billing the
                        customer for every move he makes.'"</li>
                    </ul>
                    <div style="text-align: left;"> </div>
                    <p style="text-align: left; font-size: 20px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;"><small><strong><em>Revenue
                            fact:</em></strong></small><br>
                    </p>
                    <div style="text-align: justify; font-size: 16px;
                      font-family: arial; line-height: 110%;">According
                      to <a
href="http://www.naa.org/Trends-and-numbers/newspaper-Revenue/newspaper-media-Industry-Revenue-Profile-2012.aspx">2012
                        data</a> compiled by the Newspaper Association
                      of America, newspaper advertising revenue declined
                      6%, circulation revenue increased 5% (and
                      digital-only circulation revenue grew 275%), and
                      about 10% of all newspaper revenue now comes from
                      new revenue sources, such as consulting fees for
                      helping local businesses market their products
                      online.
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