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<font size="5" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#336699">inside<b>Britannica</b></font><br>
<font size="6" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" color="#FF9933">get inside: <b>A Retrospective on Pluto</b></font>
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<td><table width="100" border="0" borderColor="#336699"><tr><td><a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_art-9411" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=1&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank"><img name="Cont_31" src="http://cache.eb.com/eb/thumb?id=97225" border="3" width="100" height="100" borderColor="#336699"></a></td></tr><tr><td><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pictured: Pluto and its large moon Charon. <i>(NASA, ESA, H. Weaver (JHU/APL), A. Stern (SwRI), and the HST Pluto Companion Search Team)</i></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The American astronomer <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=15&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Clyde Tombaugh</a> discovered icy <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a> in 1930 during a deliberate search for a ninth <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(2)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=45&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">planet</a>. By the turn of the 21st century, however, new revelations about this remote object and kindred bodies in the outer solar system were raising doubts about <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a>’s planetary status. A year ago, in August 2006, astronomers at their major triennial meeting in Prague stirred controversy by approving a definition of <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(2)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=45&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">planet</a> that excluded <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a> while creating a category called <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(3)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=11&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">dwarf planet</a>, for which <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a> and two other bodies qualified.
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<hr width=75%><br><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Pluto and its Moons</b></font><br>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Because of <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a>'s remoteness and small size, the best telescopes on <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(4)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=20&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Earth</a> and in <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(4)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=20&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Earth</a> <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(5)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=16&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">orbit</a> have been able to resolve little detail on its surface. Indeed, such basic information as its radius and mass have been difficult to determine; most of what is known about <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a> has been learned since the late 1970s as an outcome of the discovery of <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(6)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=53&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Charon</a>: </font>
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<td><table width="100" border="0" borderColor="#336699"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_art-7295" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=21&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank"><img name="Cont_32" src="http://cache.eb.com/eb/thumb?id=78698" border="3" valign="left" height="100" width="100"></a></td></tr><tr><td><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pictured: True-colour image of Pluto. <i>(Eliot Young, Southwest Research Institute; NASA's Planetary Astronomy Program)</i></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(6)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=53&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Charon: Pluto's major moon</a>
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• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(7)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=26&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Hydra and Nix: Pluto's two tiny moons</a>
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• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(8)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=30&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Clyde Tombaugh: Pluto's discoverer</a>
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<hr width=75%><br><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>What is a Planet?</b></font><br>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">The idea of what exactly constitutes a planet of the <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(9)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=38&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" TARGET="_BLANK">solar system</a> has been debated for centuries. In August 2006, the general assembly of the <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(10)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=31&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">IAU</a> approved a definition for a <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(9)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=38&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" TARGET="_BLANK">solar system</a> planet that excluded <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a>, instead defining it under a new distinct class of objects called <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(3)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=11&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">dwarf planets</a>:</font>
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<td><table width="100" border="0" borderColor="#336699"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_art-7470" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=27&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank"><img name="Cont_33" src="http://cache.eb.com/eb/thumb?id=81401" border="3" valign="left" height="33" width="100"></a></td></tr><tr><td><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pictured: The eight planets of the solar system and Pluto. <i>(NASA/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory)</i></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(11)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=40&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto reclassified as dwarf planet</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(2)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=45&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Planet</a>
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• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(3)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=11&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Dwarf Planet</a>
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• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(12)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=5&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Ceres</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(13)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=2&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Eris</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(14)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=19&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Brown Dwarf</a><br>
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<br><hr width=75%><br><font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Pluto as a Member of the Solar System</b></font><br>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Although it is no longer considered a planet, Pluto is still a member of the <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(15)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=49&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Milky Way Galaxy</a> that also includes of the following: </font>
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<td><table width="100" border="0" borderColor="#336699"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_art-7470" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=27&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank"><img name="Cont_34" src="http://cache.eb.com/eb/thumb?id=74279" border="3" valign="left" height="91" width="100"></a></td></tr><tr><td><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pictured: Gaspra, an asteroid of the main belt. <i>(NASA/JPL/Caltech)</i></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td>
<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(16)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=47&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Asteroids</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(17)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=35&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Comets</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(18)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=12&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Interplanetary Medium</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(19)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=42&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Kuiper Belt</a><br>
• <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(20)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=10&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Small Body</a><br>
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<td><table width="100" border="0" borderColor="#336699"><tr><td valign="top" align="left"><a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_art-3508" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=14&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank"><img name="Cont_36" src="http://cache.eb.com/eb/thumb?id=4297" border="3" valign="left" height="78" width="100"></a></td></tr><tr><td><font size="1" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Pictured: One of the discovery photographs of Pluto's moon Charon. <i>(Official U.S. Navy Photograph)</i>
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<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Before Pluto’s large moon, <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(6)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=53&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Charon</a>, was discovered in 1977, astronomers thought the two bodies to be one, and thus <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a> to be significantly larger and more massive than it actually is. Even in the discovery photos, <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(6)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=53&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Charon</a> appears only as a bump on the side of <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a>. The nearness of the two objects, their great distance from <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(4)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=20&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Earth</a>, and the distorting effects of <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(4)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=20&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Earth</a>’s <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(21)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=50&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">atmosphere</a> made it extremely difficult to distinguish <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(6)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=53&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Charon</a> from <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(1)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=9&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">Pluto</a>, even in the best <a name="www_library_eb_com_eb_article-(22)" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=36&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">telescopes</a> of the time.
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<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A brief overview of comets, highlighting their origin and their distinction from meteors, or shooting stars.<br> <font size="1"><i>(Copyright © 2004 AIMS Multimedia)</i></font><br>
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<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">Learn about the major planetary, solar, and intergalactic phenomena, including galaxies, quasars, pulsars, novas, black holes, and the Big Bang.<br><font size="1"><i>(Copyright © 2005 New Dimension Media)</i></font>
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<font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><b>Asteroids: Is Planetary Armageddon Looming?<br> <i>by Gregory McNamee</i></b><br> About 4.6 billion years ago, an asteroid bigger than Ceres, perhaps as large as Mars, collided with Earth and sent a vast cloud of sandy fragments and great chunks of rock into the atmosphere. These fragments eventually coalesced into the Moon. Could the heavens have another mega-collision in store for Earth? Could be... (<a name="blogs_britannica_com_blog_main" href="http://links.mkt374.com/ctt?kn=39&m=735058&r=NDg3MTkyMDUzMQS2&b=0&j=OTAwMjA2MzUS1&mt=1" target="_blank">read more</a>)</font><br><br>
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