[OPLINLIST] Fwd: AccessScience News - November 2005

Don Yarman yarmando at oplin.org
Thu Dec 1 07:12:17 EST 2005 

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: AccessScience <reply-914 at elabs3.com>
Date: Nov 30, 2005 4:50 PM
Subject: AccessScience News - November 2005
To: yarmando at oplin.org

        Volume 6 · Issue 9
November 30, 2005
*Welcome to AccessScience News!*
AccessScience News is a free monthly newsletter highlighting the latest
content and features of AccessScience, the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of
Science & Technology Online.


*IN THIS ISSUE

 Welcome
 New & Noteworthy
 New Articles
 Recently Published Q & A
 Image of the Week
 Subscribe to Newsletter

*

*NEW AND NOTEWORTHY*


 AccessScience continues to add tools to help both teachers and students
with tough topics. AccessScience Visual Learning
Modules<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,e49f,ieqo,i7hv,hbnq>,
our originally created animations and texts, provide in-depth tutorials of
scientific processes. View the latest additions to our library: DNA
Microarrays<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,15ee,luco,i7hv,hbnq>and
The
Polymerase Chain
Reaction<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,iwme,fu0a,i7hv,hbnq>
.



* RECENTLY PUBLISHED Q & A *


 *Does the universe have a beginning or
end?<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,jtyc,48fa,i7hv,hbnq>
*
Answer by Bradford B. Behr, Department of Astronomy, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena.


*IMAGE OF THE MONTH *

 *Jurassic "Godzilla" Crocodile
Discovered<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,1ga6,9v9v,i7hv,hbnq>
*
A newly identified species of ancient crocodile, *Dakosaurus
andiniensis*was discovered in the southernmost region of South
America. The short robust
snout and large teeth differentiate the skull of this 135-million-year-old
predator from previous fossil finds and prompted its nickname "Godzilla."
*SUBSCRIBE TO NEWSLETTER<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,7czo,jnnt,i7hv,hbnq>
*

SUBSCRIBER SUPPORT: You may contact Customer Service by e-mail at
OnlineCustomer_Service at mcgraw-hill.com or by fax at 1-614-759-3823. When
faxing, please mark your fax: "Attention: AccessScience Team."
*NEW ARTICLES*



  *AccessScience articles include extensive bibliographies and related
websites for further research.*



   *Directed evolution*<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,arbu,k93a,i7hv,hbnq>,
by Dr. Kira J. Weissman, Department of Biochemistry, University of
Cambridge, United Kingdom. This laboratory setting for controlled "natural
selection" creates protein catalysts with desirable properties or for
particular reactions. Read about engineering enzymes, directed evolution,
experimental designs, and successes in directed evolution over the last
decade.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB050710<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,e94a,3abm,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Display manufacturing by inkjet
printing<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,jrd6,lzre,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. Linda T. Creagh, Business Development Director, Spectra, Inc.,
Denton, Texas. New market and technical opportunities for flat-panel
displays have encouraged the development of new manufacturing approaches.
Piezoelectric drop-on-demand printheads offer high productivity, high
reliability, and uniform characteristics for jetting materials dissolved or
dispersed in organic or aqueous media-ideal for flat-panel display
manufacturing. Dr. Creagh covers the latest advances in this printing
technology.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051430<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,1l74,fk1c,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Harmonics in electric power
systems<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,5t3q,69vh,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Bill Moncrief, Hood-Patterson & Dewar, Inc. Decatur, Georgia. Read
this fully-illustrated article to learn about the changes in design of
private and utility power systems with the introduction of modern electric
systems.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051370<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,b2wr,6s3l,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Genetically modified
crops<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,db4c,1tq2,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. C.S. Prakash, Tuskegee University, College of Agriculture,
Tuskegee, Alabama. GM crops represent the fastest growing technology in the
history of agriculture. Learn more about this controversial process-from
methods of gene transfer to safety concerns-in this research update.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051540<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,dac1,4i2o,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Fossil microbial
reefs*<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,4nlp,kefv,i7hv,hbnq>,
by Dr. Constance M. Soja, Professor of Geology, Colgate University,
Hamilton, New York. Stromatolites represent the world's oldest, continuously
forming ecosystems. They were created by bottom-dwelling microorganisms
capable of trapping, binding, and cementing sediment grains in thin layers.
Find out why these reefs dominated the oceans in the early Cambrian period
(543 million years ago), how they differ from later reefs, and what it tells
us about the changing environment of the oceans.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051290<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,fmk0,8prr,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Helper and regulatory T
cells*<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,b5kn,4hw8,i7hv,hbnq>,
by Dr. Ciriaco A. Piccirillo, Professor of Immunology and Associate Member
of the Center for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, Montreal,
Quebec, Canada. The establishment of an immune response to various foreign
antigens involves a complex interplay of not only pathogen-related factors
that influence infectivity but also host-related factors that help mount,
sustain, and control the necessary adaptive immune responses against the
pathogen. Catch up on the latest research into the immune system in this
fully-illustrated article.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051160<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,ch08,8mp,i7hv,hbnq>





   *Otter<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,9mvb,4cyc,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. Donald W. Linzey, Professor of Biology, Wytheville Community
College, Virginia. Learn all about these nomadic mammals that inhabit most
of the world�s freshwater and marine ecosystems-from the sea otters of the
Pacific Ocean to Eurasian otter which ranges from England west to southern
China and from the Mediterranean region of Africa north to the Arctic
coast-in this updated encyclopedia article.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.479100<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,hc1j,hcoj,i7hv,hbnq>

  *Homo erectus<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,7e2c,74k8,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. Susan C. Ant�n, Department of Anthropology, New York University,
New York. Our introduction to the Homo erectus began in the late 19th
century with the famous Java Man discovered by Eugene Dubois in Indonesia.
More finds in the intervening years have added to our knowledge about the
origins, anatomy, life history, and other fascinating facts about this
ancestor to Homo sapiens.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB050890<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,jxgw,ewk1,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Extrasolar planets<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,atia,e8dx,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. R. Paul Butler, Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco
State University, San Francisco, California. More than 100 planets outside
of our solar system have been identified since 1995 with the help of the
Doppler velocity method. These planets vary from "hot Jupiters" closely
orbiting their stars to "eccentric planets" in elliptical orbits that cause
their seasons to vary by hundreds of degrees. Learn more about these unusual
planets, current methods of observation, and plans for detecting them in the
future.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.800700<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,atia,e8dx,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Computational
intelligence<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,b97r,e7oi,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Prof. Lawrence O. Hall, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa. Originally, "computational
intelligence" was the term used to differentiate neural network approaches
from symbolic, artificial intelligence approaches. Over time the term
encompasses neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation.
Learn more about the different approaches that can be used alone or together
to produce systems that exhibit human expertise or intelligence.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB050580<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,hk42,dwg,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Firefly communication<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,i0xa,kw7b,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. Marc A. Branham, American Museum of Natural History, New York. The
flashing lights created by fireflies are most familiar as the flashing
insects or lightning bugs chased by children on warm summer nights. The
bioluminescent flashes are actually species-specific flash patterns used in
courtship. Learn more about the evolution of bioluminescence, signal system
evolution, photic organ evolution, and the origins of flashing behavior in
this detailed article.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB052020<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,foyr,4rid,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Flapping-wing
propulsion<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,cvb,43gs,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Prof. Vladimir Ryzhov and Prof. Kirill V. Rozhdestvensky, Saint
Petersburg State Marine Technical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Today, intensive theoretical and experimental and engineering studies have
demonstrated that this propulsive method possesses high efficiency, low
acoustic radiation (for low-frequency oscillations), multifunctionality
(ability to operate efficiently at different modes of motion), and many
other advantages over conventional propulsion systems. Learn more about
current research and applications in this illustrated article.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB051080<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,4m8p,fp3k,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Human/machine
differentiation<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,505r,8cz0,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Dr. Daniel Lopresti, Panasonic Information and Networking Technologies
Laboratory, Panasonic Technologies Inc., Princeton, New Jersey and Prof.
Henry S. Baird, Professor of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh
University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. With the constant risk of cyber-attacks
on personal and financial institutions, security protocols were designed to
distinguish between human and machine users over networks. This research
update describes the CAPTCHA, a test that distinguishes human from machine.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB052140<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,j7yv,33xl,i7hv,hbnq>

   *Humans and automation<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,hpfc,kjpe,i7hv,hbnq>
*, by Prof. Thomas B. Sheridan, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The goal of automating the labor
force has now become one of automating mental labor, and people are finding
themselves interacting with different types of automation everyday. This
Research Update explains the way humans and machines work together, the
separation of tasks that still exist, examples, and potential problems to
keep in mind as automation continues to develop.
DOI 10.1036/1097-8542.YB050590<http://www.elabs3.com/c.html?rtr=on&s=djm,kt8j,pe,j519,9t8c,i7hv,hbnq>

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